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This caricature of Napoleon III (1808–1873), the last monarch of France, was made after the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), when Napoleon was being held in captivity in…
Laws of Hammurabi on Babylonian Stela, eighteenth century BCE. The stela was originally placed in the temple of the god Marduk in the city of Babylon. Inset shows part of the prologue.
Geskel Salomon’s portraits are striking for the way they convey the personalities of their sitters; we, as viewers, feel strongly that we are looking at real, flesh-and-blood people. Here, Salomon has…
Twice elected prime minister of Britain, Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881) initially turned to writing in an effort to pay his debts; his early works were fashionable “silver-fork novels” depicting an…
People Pouring out of a Public Building into the Street is one of Friedrich Friedländer’s best-known works. In the mid-nineteenth century, as part of a trend in European art that was moving away from…
In 1860, the Austrian Jewish community commissioned a medal of appreciation for Franz Joseph to commemorate the emperor’s granting to Jews the right to own property within the Austrian Empire. On the…
Religious Liberty was commissioned by the Jewish fraternal organization B’nai B’rith in honor of the American centennial in 1876. It was Moses Ezekiel’s first major commission. Freedom and…
This dedication page made by Meshulam Zimmel for Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI (1711–1740) and his wife, Elizabeth Christina (1691–1750), whose portraits appear on the page, presents three versions of…
Sheep and rams frequently appear in the sculptures of Kadishman, a legacy of time spent as a shepherd in his youth. Sacrifice of Isaac is a reimagining of the biblical story of the Akedah, in which…
By the time she created this statue of David Ben-Gurion, the first prime minister of the State of Israel, Chana Orloff had moved away from the cubist style she favored early in her career to a more…
