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This painting portrays an imagined meeting of Jewish scholar Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786), playwright Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781), and the Swiss theologian Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741–1801)…
Alfred Bernheim’s intimate portrait of Hannah Arendt portrays her as casual and self-confident, lounging on a couch and smoking a cigarette. Arendt was one of the most famous intellectuals of the…
Ḥay ibn Yaqẓān, composed by the Muslim philosopher Abū Bakr ibn Tufayl al-Qaysi (1110–1185), relates the story of Ḥay ibn Yaqẓān, literally “Alive, son of Awake,” as he grows up alone on a deserted…
The machine-woven rugs produced by the Torah u-mel’aḥah trade school in Jerusalem for export to France were typically red and rectangular (similar to Turkish prayer carpets), and they featured the…
Early in his career, Jacob Meyer de Haan (also known as Isaac Meyer de Haan) was known for his Jewish genre paintings. In this one, painted in 1880 while de Haan still resided in the Netherlands, a…
Ephraim Lilien’s photograph of Theodor Herzl, considered the father of modern political Zionism, depicts him staring off into the distance like a lonely prophet. The congress in Basel in 1901 was the…
This lithograph portrays great figures from Jewish history whose first names are Moses. Clockwise from the center: the biblical Moses (evoking Michelangelo’s famous sculpture), Moses Mendelssohn…
The History of the Russian Revolution: From Marx to Mayakovsky is a large mixed-media work that incorporates paintings, architectural cutouts, stenciled lettering, and found objects. It is one of…
Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza, one of the world’s foremost philosophers, was born in Amsterdam to parents of Portuguese New Christian origin and educated in the Talmud Torah of the Portuguese Sephardic…
At the house of salonnière Geneviève Straus in Clos des Mûnieres, Trouville, Normandy, 1893. Sitting (from left) are Marcel Proust, Louis Ganderax, and Straus. Standing (from left) are an unidentified…
