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The panel shown here is part of an obelisk that contains a long inscription summarizing the triumphs of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (r. 858–824 BCE) until the thirty-third year of his reign. The…
Arad letter (Order Concerning Rations), from the remains of the Judahite fortress at Arad, in the Negev, 7th or 6th century BCE. The Arad ostraca provide an impression of the provincial administration…
In this detail from the left side of a pithos (storage jar) from Kuntillet Ajrud, two ibexes are eating the flora of a schematic tree, all set above a striding lion. These common motifs are typically…
(Obverse) To Nahum, [and] now: go to the house of Elyashib son of Ishiyahu and you shall take from there 1 jar of oil and send to Ziph quickly, and seal it with your seal.
(Reverse) On the 24th of the…
I reign in a[ll (Judah (or: the land)]
Muster strength and [ . . . ]
the king of Egypt to [ . . . ]
Translated by Anson F. Rainey from Shmuel Aḥituv’s Hebrew edition.
To my lord, Yaush, may YHWH cause my lord to see peace at this time! Who is your servant, a dog, that my lord sent him the king’s [lette]r [and] the letters of the officers, saying, “Please read!” And…
The flood story in the Atrahasis Epic, Babylonia, 17th century BCE. The epic relates the early history of humanity from creation through the flood. Apart from its polytheistic perspective, it has many…
Belonging to Elyakim steward of Yokin [or Yawkin].
[Belonging to Tobshillem/Tobshalem (?)] son of Zakkur the healer.
Gold of Ophir to/of Beth Horon. 30 shekels.
Translated by Anson F. Rainey from Shmuel Aḥituv’s Hebrew edition.