Evidence for the material culture of ancient Israel comes mostly from artifacts and archaeology and attests to the influence of the great empires that surrounded Israel.
May YHWH cause my lord to hear, this very day, tidings of good. And now, according to everything my lord has sent, thus has your servant done. I wrote on the sheet according to everything you sent to…
Isaiah Scroll, Qumran, ca. 125 BCE (Hellenistic Period). This is the longest of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the only scroll from the Qumran caves to be preserved in its entirety. It varies in more than 2…
Bulla of Gedalyahu, Lachish. The text (bulla) reads: “Belonging to Gedalyahu, the Steward of the Palace.” This may be Gedaliah ben Ahikam, who was appointed governor of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar after…