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Papyrus, rolled and sealed, Samaria, 4th century BCE. This legal document had multiple seals affixed to it, apparently from different individuals (see the translation of this document, Slave Sale)…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel (Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Persian Period, 4th Century BCE
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The backs of many bullas, like those shown here from the City of David in Jerusalem, have impressions of the strings that once tied the rolled document and marks from the papyrus fibers of the…
Places:
Jerusalem, Land of Israel (Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIC, Second Half of 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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This seal, found in En Gedi, is made of brown mottled dolerite and decorated with lines and dots that surround and separate the names.
Places:
‘En Gedi, Land of Israel (‘En Gedi, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIC, End of 7th–Beginning of 6th Century BCE
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The rosette, impressed on a jar handle here, may have been a royal insignia during the last decades of the Judean monarchy, around the late seventh century BCE. It was found at Ramat Rahel, an…
Places:
Ramat Rahel, Land of Israel (Ramat Rahel, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIC, Last Third of 7th Century BCE
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This image, found at En Gedi, depicts a prancing or galloping horse with its head and right foreleg raised. The high level of skill shown in the realistic engraving makes it one of the finest seals…
Places:
‘En Gedi, Land of Israel (‘En Gedi, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIC, End of 7th–Beginning of 6th Century BCE
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Seals from numerous sites in ancient Israel and elsewhere in the Levant have schematic depictions of two or three people with hands linked or raised, reaching toward each other. All the members of the…
Places:
Abel Beth Maachah, Land of Israel (Tel Avel Bet Ma‘akha, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA, 9th Century BCE
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The top register of this bulla from Tel ‘Eton shows a grazing doe, carved deeply into the seal with a high degree of craftsmanship. Images of grazing or browsing horned animals were popular, appearing…
Places:
Tel 'Eton, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Eton, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, Late 8th Century BCE
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Many of the seal impressions, with the inscription lamelekh “(Belonging, or pertaining) to the king,” followed by the name of a city, feature a two-winged figure, probably a winged sun disk…
Places:
Tel ‘Erani, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Erani, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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Some lamelekh impressions, like this one from Lachish, have a four-winged scarab beetle as their central image. The scarab beetle was an important mythological symbol in Egypt, associated with Khepri…
Places:
Lachish, Land of Israel (Tel Lakhish, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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This black stone seal, from the City of David in Jerusalem, depicts two bearded men with their hands raised in a gesture of worship, flanking an altar or pedestal. The crescents on the altar or…
Places:
City of David, Land of Israel (Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Mid-8th–Mid-7th Century BCE