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In the mid-1890s some socialist circles already existed among Jewish workers. The primary proponents of socialist democratic propaganda were first and foremost Jewish workers. In 1897, proclamations…
The time has come for me to touch upon the people of the Vilna leadership. When Iosif Mil was away and I joined it, the acknowledged leader was my acquaintance A[rkady] Kremer (“Aleksandr”). His…
From the pioneer “intelligentsia” who lived in Vilna at the time, we must note Iulii Tsederbaum-Martov (people called him “Aleksey with the limp”), Arkadii Kremer (Aleksandr), Pati Srednitskaia (she…
The months of which I am about to write are probably amongst the most painful in my whole life; I interrupted my work on the book for a long time trying to summon up the courage to embark on this…
[ . . . ] In the summer of 1903 I traveled to Russia, where I was to meet with the heads of the socialist revolutionary groups in various cities in south Russia and on the Volga…
In the year 1885—when I was nine years old—I started working. My first job was in a little candy factory, where a few girls worked. I used to work a lot: 14–15 hours per day. My pay was 25 kopecks per…
“Green fields, fair forests, singing streams, pine-clad mountains, verdant vista—from the monotony of the city to the monotony of nature. I wanted a complete change, and so I went to the East Side of…
Now the days of the pogroms came, and the hands of the masses were raised against the Jews to strike and destroy them. Socialism disgusted me. Not from the idea, which I still hold even more strongly…
[ . . . ] In time, I lost my shyness. I became a “big shot” in one of the Am Olam groups. In our debates it became clear to me that it was still a beautiful idea to start colonies in which we…
The leader and the soul of Iskra was Lenin. And although he was surrounded by a group of brilliant writers and first-class leaders (indeed, all enjoyed equal rights in a…