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Even in the past, some thirty to forty years ago, when Jewish life in Russia was still very conservative, there was a difference between those cities and towns located…
In the mid-1890s some socialist circles already existed among Jewish workers. The primary proponents of socialist democratic propaganda were first and foremost Jewish workers. In 1897, proclamations…
From the pioneer “intelligentsia” who lived in Vilna at the time, we must note Iulii Tsederbaum-Martov (people called him “Aleksey with the limp”), Arkadii Kremer (Aleksandr), Pati Srednitskaia (she…
Nineteen nineteen was one of the most difficult years for the Bolsheviks. The civil war flared up in every corner of Russia. In Ukraine, Petliura, Grigoriev, Denikin…
[ . . . ] In the summer of 1903 I traveled to Russia, where I was to meet with the heads of the socialist revolutionary groups in various cities in south Russia and on the Volga…
Sunday, November 1 [1942], it was announced in the order of the day that all policemen must assemble at twenty minutes past two in the premises of the former Slobodka Yeshive for a solemn oath-taking…
[ . . . ] In the early autumn of 1918 we entered a new circle of Bolshevik hell, the period of mass Red Terror. The murder of Uritskii and…
Paris, Tuesday, May 25, 1926, half past three in the afternoon. The car in which I had suddenly found myself honked and barely managed to drive through the dense throng, with people screaming on all…
Mordkhe Spektor [1858–1925] was the “honorary chair” of the “Society of Gluttons and Drunkards.” Though he had not been elected to this “post,” everyone felt that Spektor was the singular candidate…
This morning I was in the children’s nursery. Women who work leave their children from 7 to 6. There are 150 children between the ages of three months and two years, [one…