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This one painting conveys many messages about the benefits of integration and emancipation as well as the inner conflicts they provoked.
This illustration, from Jüdische neue Zeitung vom Marsch aus Wien und anderen Orten der jetzigen zwölff Jüdischen Stammen (Jewish Newspaper from the March to Vienna and Other Places of the Current…
In August 1614, a gingerbread baker named Vincenz Fettmilch (d. 1616) led a mob that rampaged through the Judengasse (Jews’ street) in Frankfurt am Main, injuring and killing two or three Jews…
This illustration, from an antisemitic publication, Jüdische neue Zeitung vom Marsch aus Wien und anderen Orten der jetzigen zwölff Jüdischen Stammen (Jewish Newspaper from the March to Vienna and…
In 1705, the Nuremberg artist, Johannes Alexander Böner, published a slim volume about Fürth, Germany, containing several copper-engravings dealing with the life of Jews in the city. This print…
“Before and After the Reform.” Cartoon from Der schlemiel: Illustriertes jüdisches Blatt für Humor und Satire lampooning the transformation of a Hasidic Jew into a Reformed Jew.
Portrait of a Girl with a Red Belt is one of many portrait miniatures that Jeremiah David Alexander Fiorino painted. He was a court painter in Dresden who painted portraits of members of the royal…
The Jewish couple in Frankfurt am Main depicted here are wearing distinctive clothing that would have clearly identified them as Jews: the man’s collar, hat, and cloak, and the woman’s ruff and winged…
This painting portrays an imagined meeting of Jewish scholar Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786), playwright Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781), and the Swiss theologian Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741–1801)…
When Max Liebermann first exhibited this painting, it caused not only a sensation but a scandal. Some critics objected to a Jew daring to depict Jesus, and they were offended by Liebermann’s realistic…
