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The lotus image on this ivory from Samaria was originally an Egyptian symbol of the life-giving power of the god Ra—experienced through the fragrance of the flower—and of the afterlife.
The battle between a wild bull and a lion, which are among the most powerful animals, is a common theme in ancient Near Eastern art. In this panel from Samaria, the lion’s claws are embedded in the…
Sphinxes are among the most ubiquitous images on Iron Age Levantine ivories. The sphinx combines the features of several animals; it has the head of a human, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a…
Elephantine letter, dated to year 17 of King Darius II (November 25, 407 BCE). See Request about the Rebuilding of the Elephantine Temple) and Darius and Xerxes, Kings of Persia. The letter is…
To Elyashib: And now, give to the Kittim 1 bath and 3 hin of wine and write the date. And from the surplus of the best flour you shall load 1 kor (?) to make bread for them. From the wine of the…
(Obverse) To [ . . . ] Elyashib [ . . . ] king [ . . . ] the force of [ . . . ] silv[er . . . ] produce(?) [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse is erased)
(Reverse) From Arad 50(?) and from Kinah [ . . . ]…
Your son(s) Gemaryahu and Nehemyahu sent concerning the welfare of Malkiyahu.
I bless you to YHWH. And now: Your [ser]vant has inclined his [he]art to what [you] sa[id, and I have written] to my lord…
Greetings, Islah.
Now, I shall dispatch legumes tomorrow. Meet the boat tomorrow on Sabbath. Lest, if they get lost, by the life of YHH, I swear that I will take your life. Do not rely on Meshullemeth…
To my lords Jedaniah, Uriah and the priests of YHW the God, Mattan son of Jashobiah and Berechiah son of, . . . from your servant Mauziah.
May the God of Heaven seek after the welfare of my lords…
Storage jar with lamelekh stamp, Lachish, late 8th century BCE. More than 2,500 large storage jars, with a capacity of 12 to 14 gallons each, have seal impressions on their handles with the word lamel…
