Evidence for the material culture of ancient Israel comes mostly from artifacts and archaeology and attests to the influence of the great empires that surrounded Israel.
This drawing of a cow and her calf appears on the right side of a pithos (storage jar) from Kuntillet Ajrud. The cow and calf are a common motif associated with fertility and protection. Kuntillet…
An American eagle, stars and stripes, and the United States motto E pluribus unum adorn the top of this ketubah (marriage contract) from Gibraltar, between Shlomo ben Ya‘akov ben Otvoyl (spelling of…
This gold, repoussé, punched, and engraved goblet was used for kiddush (the ritual sanctification of the Sabbath over wine) in the home of the Speyers, a prominent and wealthy family in the Jewish…