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Natan bar Moshe Naftali Hammerschlag, a seventeenth-century kabbalist and artist, was also the official cantor and secretary of the Council of the Four Lands of Poland. He was the son of Rabbi Moshe Naftali Hirsch of the Rema Hammerschlag family in Nikolsburg in Moravia (present day Mikulov, Czech Republic).
Early modern Jewish visual culture flourished, with illuminated manuscripts, ornate synagogues, and portraiture alongside increasing non-Jewish interest in Jewish customs and greater Jewish self-representation.
