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A group of people living together under extreme coercive conditions without the conscious intent of forming a community of common fate created forms that were only possible on the basis of the ghetto…
Established in 1616 as part of a yeshiva in Amsterdam, the Ets Ḥayim library continues to function to this day, making it the oldest operational Jewish library in the world. It moved to its current…
Everything, nearly everything, was taken away from us in the ghettos and concentration camps by the great criminals. They did not spare our treasures, both material and spiritual. Even our…