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The (foreign) chieftains lie prostrate, saying “Peace.” Not one lifts his head among the Nine Bows.
Libya is captured, while Hatti is pacified.
Canaan is plundered, Ashkelon is carried off, and Gezer…
Places:
Thebes, Egypt (Luxor, Egypt)
Date:
ca. 1208 BCE
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I am Mesha son of Chemoshyat king of Moab, the Di-bonite. My father reigned over Moab thirty years and I reigned after my father.
And I built this high place for Chemosh in the “citadel,” a high place…
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Dibon, Moab (Amman, Jordan)
Date:
ca. 835 BCE
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The Samarians, who had come to an agreement with a [hostile (?)] king not to do service or to render tribute to me, did battle. In the strength of the great gods, my lords, I fought with them; I…
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Calah, Assyria (Nimrud, Iraq)
Date:
722–705 BCE
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I mobilized the kings of Hatti and “Beyond-the-River”: Baal, king of Tyre; Manasseh, king of Judah; Kaus-gabri, king of Edom; Mutsuri, king of Moab; Tsilli-Bel, king of Gaza; Mitinti, king of Ashkelon…
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Nineveh, Assyria (Mosul, Iraq)
Date:
673–672 BCE
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½ (panu) to Jehoiachin, king of Ju[dah]
2 ½ qu to the five sons of the king of Judah
4 qu to 8 Judeans, ½ [qu each]
1 ½ qu to three carpenters from Arvad, ½ qu each
½ panu 1 ½ qu to eight carpenters…
Places:
Babylon, Babylonia (Babylon, Iraq)
Date:
592 BCE
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As for Hezekiah, the Judean, I besieged 46 of his fortified walled cities and surrounding smaller towns, which were without number. Using packed-down ramps and applying battering rams, infantry…
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Nineveh, Assyria (Mosul, Iraq)
Date:
701–681 BCE
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Cyrus Cylinder, Babylonia. In the inscription, Cyrus, the king of Persia (reigned 559–530 BCE), declares that he was chosen by Marduk, the god of Babylon, to free its citizens from the tyranny and…
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Babylon, Babylonia (Babylon, Iraq)
Date:
539 BCE
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The land of Bit-Humria (the House of Omri) . . .
[ . . . his] auxiliary [troops . . . ] all of its people . . . to Assyria I carried off. Pekah, their king, [I/they ki]lled . . . and I appointed…
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Assyria (Iraq)
Date:
745–727 BCE
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Circumcision in an Egyptian relief, Sakkara, Egypt, Sixth Dynasty (ca. 2350–2170 BCE). Priests perform circumcision on boys. The hieroglyphic legend reads “circumcision.” The hands of the boy on the…
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Sakkara, Egypt
Date:
Old Kingdom (Egypt), 23rd–22nd Century BCE
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Brickmaking by prisoners. Thebes, Egypt, 15th century BCE. This mural, from the tomb of the vizier Rekh-me-re, shows Semitic (“Asiatic”) and Nubian prisoners of war making mud bricks and repairing a…
Places:
Thebes, Egypt (Luxor, Egypt)
Date:
New Kingdom (Egypt), 15th Century BCE