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Aleksander Lesser’s most famous painting is The Funeral of the Five Victims, which depicts the public funeral of five men shot by the Russian military on March 2, 1861 during a rally calling for…
Based on a painting, now lost, by Maurits Leon, this lithograph by Johannes Heinrich Rennefeld (1832–1877) seems to depict a scene from an 1837 novel about Spinoza by German Jewish author Berthold…
This caricature of Napoleon III (1808–1873), the last monarch of France, was made after the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), when Napoleon was being held in captivity in…
New and hitherto unknown words have entered our dictionary. These words can now be heard at gatherings, and even more in private conversations, and sometimes we read them in the press. And if, until…
The Liberation of Jerusalem, created shortly after the Six Day War, was a bold statement by its artist Solomon (Shlomo) Dreizner, at a time when any expression of support for Israel by Soviet Jews…
Daniel Cohn-Bendit was a student leader during the protest in France in May 1968, when up to ten million workers went on strike and 800,000 people marched through Paris. Here he vaults a police…
New York exemplifies the precisionist, futurist style favored by Lozowick in the 1920s. Like works by other precisionist artists, this lithograph reduces the elements of a cityscape into simple…
On Sunday, 6 Tammuz, 5681 [July 12, 1921], I visited the author Maxim Gorky [ . . . ] and I told him the alarming news that had come to me from various cities about the horrible pogroms that had…
Nineteen nineteen was one of the most difficult years for the Bolsheviks. The civil war flared up in every corner of Russia. In Ukraine, Petliura, Grigoriev, Denikin…
Our point of departure in historical research is the basic tenet that the development of social life depends on the development of the means of production that are ultimately determined by…