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The Mesopotamian demon Pazuzu, depicted here in a combination of human and animal features, was invoked to prevent the malicious actions of the demon Lamashtu, who was believed to endanger newborn…
Places:
Beth Shean, Land of Israel (Bet She’an, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age II, 8th–7th Century BCE
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The top register of this bulla from Tel ‘Eton shows a grazing doe, carved deeply into the seal with a high degree of craftsmanship. Images of grazing or browsing horned animals were popular, appearing…
Places:
Tel 'Eton, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Eton, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, Late 8th Century BCE
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Many of the seal impressions, with the inscription lamelekh “(Belonging, or pertaining) to the king,” followed by the name of a city, feature a two-winged figure, probably a winged sun disk…
Places:
Tel ‘Erani, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Erani, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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Some lamelekh impressions, like this one from Lachish, have a four-winged scarab beetle as their central image. The scarab beetle was an important mythological symbol in Egypt, associated with Khepri…
Places:
Lachish, Land of Israel (Tel Lakhish, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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This black stone seal, from the City of David in Jerusalem, depicts two bearded men with their hands raised in a gesture of worship, flanking an altar or pedestal. The crescents on the altar or…
Places:
City of David, Land of Israel (Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Mid-8th–Mid-7th Century BCE
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This seal from Tel Dan, made of red limestone, shows a driver and two other people in a horse-drawn Assyrian-style chariot. Chariot scenes, uncommon in Israel, are frequent in Assyrian and Egyptian…
Places:
Dan, Land of Israel (Tel Dan, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–Early 7th Century BCE
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This and the next several ivories come from the approximately twelve thousand ivory pieces and fragments that were found in the royal compound in the city of Samaria, capital of the Northern Kingdom…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel (Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA–IIB, 9th–8th Century BCE
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The lotus image on this ivory from Samaria was originally an Egyptian symbol of the life-giving power of the god Ra—experienced through the fragrance of the flower—and of the afterlife.
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel (Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA–IIB, 9th–8th Century BCE
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The battle between a wild bull and a lion, which are among the most powerful animals, is a common theme in ancient Near Eastern art. In this panel from Samaria, the lion’s claws are embedded in the…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel (Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA–IIB, 9th–8th Century BCE
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Sphinxes are among the most ubiquitous images on Iron Age Levantine ivories. The sphinx combines the features of several animals; it has the head of a human, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel (Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA–IIB, 9th–8th Century BCE