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“The living faith has vanished. . . . All that remains is poetry!” A superficial observer of life in the ghetto might come to more or less the same conclusion about the way…
One may think about Zionism as one wishes: one may consider it an aberration or an idea that has a claim on the future; one may regard it from the heights of a fantastical cosmopolitanism as a…
A group of people living together under extreme coercive conditions without the conscious intent of forming a community of common fate created forms that were only possible on the basis of the ghetto…
This is the eighteen-hundred-year era of the diaspora, of unprecedented suffering, of uninterrupted martyrdom without parallel in world history. But it is also a period of spiritual alertness, of…
According to the rabbinic view, as soon as a boy has completed his thirteenth year he is required to fulfill all the ceremonial laws, although previously he was excused from some, was not permitted to…
The Jews in Poland still have a very demanding and holy task ahead of themselves. Or, to be more exact, they have a holy, lofty, most important and most responsible mission. Hasidism was born in…