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On the day of the new moon of Kislimu (Kislev), Bil-barakki, son of Nani, will bring Dayana and hand her over to Hoshea. If he does not bring and hand over the woman, Bil-barakki will pay Hoshea 3…
Places:
Gozan, Aram-Damascus (Tall Ḩalaf, Syria)
Date:
669–627 BCE
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In the month of Elul, that is Payni, year four of Darius the king, then in Elephantine the fortress, Menahem and Ananiah, two sons of Meshullam son of Shelomam, Jews of Elephantine the fortress of the…
Places:
Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)
Date:
420 BCE
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In the month of Tishri, that is Epeiph, year four of Darius the king, then in Elephantine the fortress, Ananiah son of Haggai, an Aramean of Elephantine the fortress of the detachment of Iddinnabu…
Places:
Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)
Date:
420 BCE|449 BCE
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Papyrus, rolled, folded, and sealed, Elephantine, Egypt, 5th century BCE. See also Papyrus, Rolled and Sealed. The Elephantine papyri provide historical documentation about the members of a Jewish…
Places:
Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)
Date:
Persian Period, 5th Century BCE
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Samaria ostracon (A Shipment of Wine), early 8th century BCE, from the ruins of a building near the royal palace. The text can be read here.
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel (Kaleh Qaţār-e Soflá, Iran)
Date:
First Quarter of the 8th Century BCE
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Gold of Ophir to/of Beth Horon. 30 shekels.
Translated by Anson F. Rainey from Shmuel Aḥituv’s Hebrew edition.
Places:
Tel Qasila, Land of Israel (Tel Aviv, Israel)
Date:
8th or Early 7th Century BCE
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Papyrus, rolled and sealed, Samaria, 4th century BCE. This legal document had multiple seals affixed to it, apparently from different individuals (see the translation of this document, Slave Sale)…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel (Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Persian Period, 4th Century BCE
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Instead of their seals, they placed their fingernails.
Fingernail of Zakuri, fingernail of Dukur-ili, owners of the man being sold.
Mannu-ki-Arba’il, son of Ahiyau—Bahianu contracted from Zakuri and…
Places:
Assyria (Mosul, Iraq)
Date:
700 BCE
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On the day that Tabat-Ishar, daughter of Yashe-Yama, is seen with Kulu, son of Kalba, or he takes her away by deceit, if she does not put up resistance and does not say to the head of the family:…
Places:
Sippar, Babylonia (Tell Abu Habbah, Iraq)
Date:
531 BCE
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Tsidki-Yama, son of Shillimu (Shillem), voluntarily placed Puhulla, his slave, at the disposal of Shikin-Yama, son of Hinnamu, for his wages of six shekels of silver from the first day of Abu (Ab)…
Places:
Al-Yahudu, Babylonia (Iraq)
Date:
548 BCE