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Elephantine letter, dated to year 17 of King Darius II (November 25, 407 BCE). See Request about the Rebuilding of the Elephantine Temple) and Darius and Xerxes, Kings of Persia. The letter is…
Places:
Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)
Date:
407 BCE
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To Elyashib: And now, give to the Kittim 1 bath and 3 hin of wine and write the date. And from the surplus of the best flour you shall load 1 kor (?) to make bread for them. From the wine of the…
Places:
Arad, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Arad, Israel)
Date:
Late 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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(Obverse) To [ . . . ] Elyashib [ . . . ] king [ . . . ] the force of [ . . . ] silv[er . . . ] produce(?) [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse is erased)
(Reverse) From Arad 50(?) and from Kinah [ . . . ]…
Places:
Arad, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Arad, Israel)
Date:
Late 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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Your son(s) Gemaryahu and Nehemyahu sent concerning the welfare of Malkiyahu.
I bless you to YHWH. And now: Your [ser]vant has inclined his [he]art to what [you] sa[id, and I have written] to my lord…
Places:
Arad, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Arad, Israel)
Date:
Late 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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Greetings, Islah.
Now, I shall dispatch legumes tomorrow. Meet the boat tomorrow on Sabbath. Lest, if they get lost, by the life of YHH, I swear that I will take your life. Do not rely on Meshullemeth…
Places:
Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)
Date:
ca. 475 BCE
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To my lords Jedaniah, Uriah and the priests of YHW the God, Mattan son of Jashobiah and Berechiah son of, . . . from your servant Mauziah.
May the God of Heaven seek after the welfare of my lords…
Places:
Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)
Date:
Late 5th Century BCE
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Arad letter (Order Concerning Rations), from the remains of the Judahite fortress at Arad, in the Negev, 7th or 6th century BCE. The Arad ostraca provide an impression of the provincial administration…
Places:
Arad, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Arad, Israel)
Date:
Late 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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(Obverse) To Nahum, [and] now: go to the house of Elyashib son of Ishiyahu and you shall take from there 1 jar of oil and send to Ziph quickly, and seal it with your seal.
(Reverse) On the 24th of the…
Places:
Arad, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Arad, Israel)
Date:
Late 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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I reign in a[ll (Judah (or: the land)]
Muster strength and [ . . . ]
the king of Egypt to [ . . . ]
Translated by Anson F. Rainey from Shmuel Aḥituv’s Hebrew edition.
Places:
Arad, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Arad, Israel)
Date:
Late 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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To my lord, Yaush, may YHWH cause my lord to see peace at this time! Who is your servant, a dog, that my lord sent him the king’s [lette]r [and] the letters of the officers, saying, “Please read!” And…
Places:
Lachish, Land of Israel (Tel Lakhish, Israel)
Date:
586 BCE