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During the nineteenth century the lives of Jews in Russia underwent enormous changes. In pre-reform times most Jews lived in villages and small towns. Most were engaged in trade and…
Nineteen nineteen was one of the most difficult years for the Bolsheviks. The civil war flared up in every corner of Russia. In Ukraine, Petliura, Grigoriev, Denikin…
In the mid-1890s some socialist circles already existed among Jewish workers. The primary proponents of socialist democratic propaganda were first and foremost Jewish workers. In 1897, proclamations…
Her Yoysef was hanging on the shaft of the well. His beard lay humbly on his breast. His fallen shoulders and feebly dangling hands expressed the most profound hopelessness. What can I do? A stone has…