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Papyrus, rolled and sealed, Samaria, 4th century BCE. This legal document had multiple seals affixed to it, apparently from different individuals (see the translation of this document, Slave Sale)…
On the 18th of Phaophi, year four of Artaxerxes the king in Elephantine the fortress, Malchiah son of Jashobiah, an Aramean, hereditary-property-holder in Elephantine the fortress of the detachment of…
May my lord, the governor/commander, listen to the word of his servant! As for your servant, your servant was harvesting in Hatsar-asam. And your servant harvested and finished/measured and stored it…
Instead of their seals, they placed their fingernails.
Fingernail of Zakuri, fingernail of Dukur-ili, owners of the man being sold.
Mannu-ki-Arba’il, son of Ahiyau—Bahianu contracted from Zakuri and…
On the day that Tabat-Ishar, daughter of Yashe-Yama, is seen with Kulu, son of Kalba, or he takes her away by deceit, if she does not put up resistance and does not say to the head of the family:…
Tsidki-Yama, son of Shillimu (Shillem), voluntarily placed Puhulla, his slave, at the disposal of Shikin-Yama, son of Hinnamu, for his wages of six shekels of silver from the first day of Abu (Ab)…
This rabbinic ordination certificate granted to Judah ben Eliezer Briel was printed as a broadside in Venice and signed by prominent Venetian rabbis. It certifies his learning and his fitness to…
In the tenth year, to Shemaryaw, from Beerayim:
a jar of aged wine.
Gara (son of) Elisha 2.
Uzza (son of) Ka[?]besh (?) 1.
Eliba (son of) N[ . . . ] 1.
Baala (son of) Elisha 1.
Yadayaw 1.
This ketubah (ritual marriage contract) from Rhodes formalizes the marriage of Avraham, son of Yehudah Galante, and Joya, daughter of Shlomo d’Boton. The groom may have been the prominent educator…
The purpose of Agudat Israel is the solution of the respective tasks facing the Jewish collectivity, in the spirit of the Torah. In accordance with this purpose, it sets itself the following goals: (1…