Shalmaneser III, Kurkh Monolith

853–824 BCE

In the eponymate of Dayan-Ashur, on the 14th of Aiaru (Iyyar), I set out from Nineveh . . .

I set out from the Euphrates and approached Aleppo. They (i.e., the inhabitants of Aleppo) were afraid of battle and seized my feet. I received their tribute, silver and gold, and offered sacrifices to the god Adad of Aleppo.

I set out from Aleppo and…

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Ancient Israel in Foreign Writings

Inscriptions and documents from ancient Israel’s neighbors, especially Assyria and Babylonia, provide important historical context. 

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