Sefer Raziel (also known as The Book of Raziel the Angel) is a book of practical kabbalah that may have been composed in the thirteenth century, though scholars believe parts of it date from earlier. It includes an angelology, amulets, spells, and magical uses of the zodiac, gematria (the numerological system by which Hebrew letters are substituted by numbers), and the names of God that, it is claimed, were revealed to the biblical Adam by the angel Raziel. There are a number of different versions of the book in manuscript. This title page is from an edition printed in Amsterdam.