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The avant-garde painter Adolph Gottlieb was born into a Jewish family in New York City. As an art-obsessed teenager, Gottlieb fled to Paris; he learned painting, in part, though daily visits to the Louvre and by haunting museums and galleries all over Europe. In the 1930s, as his career flourished, Gottlieb was horrified by the rise of fascism; as a symbol of his defiance, he changed the spelling of his first name: Adolf became Adolph. Later that decade, Gottlieb demanded that the American Artists’ Congress repudiate Hitler and Stalin. When it did not, he resigned.
