Nicolas de Nicolay was a French soldier, geographer, and artist who traveled to the Ottoman Empire at the behest of King Henry II of France (1519–1559) as both a geographer and a spy. His travelogue/survey of the Ottoman Empire was first published in French in 1567 and, considered the first authoritative source of information about the Ottoman Empire for westerners, was often reprinted. In 1565, he was assigned by Henry II’s widow, Catherine de’ Medici (1519–1589), to survey the provinces of the French kingdom.
This depiction of a Jewish doctor is from a travelogue by French geographer Nicolas Nicolay, who is believed to have also created the illustrations in the book. Considered at the time a key source of…
Before she labored, she was delivered;
Before her pangs came, she bore a son!
—Isaiah 66:7
Fear not, worm of Jacob,
O people of Israel,
For I will help you.
—Isaiah 41:14
The hard, painful hour…
The blue and white abstract shapes in The Mud Bath evoke human figures in motion against a field of red. Are they meant to be people at a public bathhouse? Or are they interpreted that way because the…