The Chatham House Version
The Chatham House Version
This appraisal of the west has remained Toynbee’s considered judgment. “In my eyes,” he states in the last volume of A Study of History, published in 1961, “the west is a perpetual aggressor.” The guilt is clear beyond any doubt. But Toynbee is ready to entertain a plea of diminished responsibility, for he immediately adds…
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