Joseph Hirsch Dünner
Born in Kraków, Joseph Hirsch Dünner received a traditional and secular gymnasium education. After completing his rabbinic ordination, he studied Semitic philology and philosophy in Bonn and Heidelberg. In 1862, Dünner moved to Amsterdam and was appointed director of the Nederlandsch Israelitisch Seminarium some time between 1863 and 1865. In 1874, despite being born outside of the Netherlands, he was elected chief rabbi of Amsterdam. Dünner wrote a four-volume gloss of the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds (1896–1903) and a number of treatises on the Tosefta, Talmud, and halakhah in German and Dutch.