Ḥayim Horowitz

Born in Gorky, Russian Empire (today Horki, Belarus), Ḥayim Dov Horowitz wrote on economic topics for the Yiddish, Hebrew, and German press, beginning in 1882 with a contribution to Ha-Melits. Studying at the University of Berlin, where he completed his doctorate in 1901, he deepened his Zionist and Hebraist activism and his interest in Jewish economic life and reconstruction. At the 1902 Minsk conference of Russian Zionists, Horowitz was one of the first to argue for a fusion of Zionism and progressive economic self-organization, calling on the movement to support cooperatives and trade unions among Jewish workers. Moving to Poland at the start of the Bolshevik Revolution, Horowitz remained there until the end of the ensuing civil war, returning in 1922 to the Soviet Union, where he spent the rest of his life.