Atzlan ben Abraham al-Karaji

18th Century

Nothing is known about Atzlan ben Abraham al-Karaji, though his name suggests that he hailed from Karaj, a city near Tehran in present-day Iran. A Judeo-Arabic medical text is his only known work. 

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Phlebotomy knife

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This illustration of a phlebotomy knife appears in an eighteenth-century Judeo-Arabic medical manuscript. Bloodletting, thought to balance the humors of the body, was an accepted medical treatment at…