Arthur Koestler
Hungarian-British author and journalist Arthur Koestler was born in Budapest and educated in Vienna. He worked as a journalist in Palestine in the late 1920s, and then returned to Europe, where he was arrested and imprisoned during the Spanish Civil War and again in France. Koestler’s novel Darkness at Noon (1940), advocating against totalitarian regimes, brought him fame. Koestler settled in England, where he supported political causes and wrote essays, novels, and memoirs. His was one of the earliest voices describing and protesting the Holocaust. His death was self-inflicted.